Free · Fast · Privacy-first

Merge PDF Files Without Watermark

Most free PDF merger tools stamp a tool-branded watermark across every page of your output unless you upgrade to a paid plan.

Local • Fast • Privacy-first

PDF Merger

Combine multiple PDF files into a single document, right in your browser. Reorder files and keep original quality. Need to slim the result? Try our PDF compressor or PDF splitter.

Files stay local
No sign-up
Consent controls
Browser-based

PDF Merger

Upload multiple PDF files and merge them into one document

Standard AcroForm fields remain editable, with names prefixed by document to prevent collisions. We stop the merge if any file cannot be included, so you never receive an incomplete document.

What is PDF Merging?

PDF merging is the process of combining multiple PDF (Portable Document Format) files into a single, unified document. This process takes pages from different PDF files and combines them sequentially into one PDF document, maintaining the original quality, formatting, and structure of each source file. According to MDN Web Docs, PDFs are complex document formats that can contain text, images, vector graphics and fonts. Page content is copied without rasterization. Standard form fields stay editable. Signature fields, XFA and forms with actions are rejected.

Merging PDF files is essential for several reasons: combining related documents into a single file for easier management, creating comprehensive reports from multiple sources, organizing scattered documents into one cohesive document, simplifying document sharing and distribution, and creating complete document packages for presentations or submissions. PDF merging is particularly valuable for combining reports, invoices, contracts, presentations, and other business documents.

Our PDF merger uses pdf-lib, a powerful JavaScript library, to combine your PDF files entirely in your browser. This client-side processing ensures your PDF files remain completely private and secure. All merging happens locally, so your documents never leave your device or get uploaded to any server. The pdf-lib library, developed by pdf-lib.js.org, provides robust PDF manipulation capabilities that work entirely client-side, ensuring both functionality and privacy.

PDF merging is particularly valuable in professional environments where document organization and consolidation are essential. Business professionals merge quarterly reports, financial statements, and project documentation. Legal professionals combine contracts, agreements, and supporting materials. Academic researchers merge research papers, appendices, and references. Content creators combine chapters, sections, and materials into complete e-books or manuals. The ability to merge PDFs efficiently saves time, reduces file management complexity, and improves document accessibility.

The PDF format, standardized by Adobe Systems in 1993, has become the universal standard for document exchange. According to the ISO 32000 specification, PDFs are designed to be platform-independent, meaning they display consistently across different devices and operating systems. This makes PDF merging particularly valuable because the merged document maintains this consistency, ensuring that recipients see the document exactly as intended regardless of their device or software.

Technical Architecture of PDF Merging

PDF files are complex binary formats that contain multiple components: page content (text, images, vector graphics), fonts, metadata, bookmarks, annotations, and interactive elements. This merger copies pages; document-level bookmarks and metadata are not guaranteed to carry over. It preserves standard form fields and rejects signatures, unsupported forms and unreadable files instead of silently losing data.

Modern PDF merging tools use sophisticated algorithms to handle edge cases like duplicate fonts, conflicting metadata, and different PDF versions. The pdf-lib library, which powers our merger, automatically resolves these conflicts by creating new font references when needed, merging metadata intelligently, and ensuring compatibility across different PDF versions. This technical sophistication ensures reliable merging even when combining PDFs created with different software or from different sources.

✗Before Merging

Multiple separate PDF files can be difficult to manage, share, and organize. Each file must be opened individually, making it hard to view related content together.

report1.pdf, report2.pdf, report3.pdf

3 separate files

✓After Merging

A single merged PDF contains all pages in one organized document. Easy to share, manage, and view. All content is accessible in one file.

merged-document.pdf

All content in one file

PDF Merging Impact

Real data showing the benefits of merging PDF files

2+
Multiple Files
Limited by browser memory
100%
Quality Preserved
Original quality
100%
Client-Side
Complete privacy
📊

Research Data

According to MDN Web Docs, PDF files can be programmatically combined using libraries like pdf-lib. Client-side PDF merging enables users to combine documents for organization and sharing without compromising privacy or security.

Why Use PDF Merger?

Merging PDF files offers numerous benefits for organization, sharing, and document management. Here are the key advantages of using our PDF merger:

📚

Document Organization

Combine related documents into a single, organized PDF file. This makes it easier to manage, share, and archive related content. Perfect for combining reports, invoices, contracts, or any related documents that belong together.

📧

Simplified Sharing

Share one merged PDF instead of multiple separate files. This reduces the number of attachments, simplifies email communication, and ensures recipients receive all related content in the correct order.

🔄

Flexible Ordering

Arrange PDF files in your desired order before merging. Use up/down arrows to reorder files and create the perfect document structure. This ensures your merged PDF follows the exact sequence you need.

🔒

Privacy & Security

All PDF merging happens entirely in your browser using client-side JavaScript. Your PDF files never leave your device, aren't uploaded to any server, and aren't stored anywhere. This ensures complete privacy and security for sensitive documents.

⚡

Fast Processing

Client-side processing means instant merging without waiting for file uploads or server processing. Merge multiple PDF files in seconds, even for large documents. No internet connection required after the initial page load.

🎨

Quality Preservation

Merged PDFs maintain the original quality of all source files. No compression or quality loss occurs during merging. All text, images, graphics, and formatting from the original PDFs are preserved in the merged document.

💡

Real-World Impact

Companies like Adobe and iLovePDF offer PDF merging services, but they require file uploads to their servers. Our client-side approach ensures your documents remain completely private, making it ideal for sensitive business documents, legal files, medical records, and confidential materials. According to Google Web.dev, client-side processing is the gold standard for privacy-sensitive applications, ensuring that user data never leaves their device.

How It Works

Our PDF merger uses pdf-lib, a powerful JavaScript library, to combine your PDF files directly in your browser. Here's how the merging process works:

1

Upload PDF Files

Upload two or more PDF files using the upload button or drag and drop them into the designated area. The tool loads each PDF and displays them in a list. You can upload as many files as needed. Browser memory determines the practical size and file-count limit.

2

Arrange Order

Arrange the PDF files in your desired order using the up and down arrow buttons. The merged PDF will contain all pages in the order you specify. You can also remove files if needed. This step ensures your merged document follows the exact sequence you require.

3

Merge & Download

Click Merge PDFs to combine all files into a single PDF document. The tool processes all files using pdf-lib and creates a merged PDF with all pages in your specified order. Once complete, download your merged PDF file directly to your device.

Technical Details

The merger uses the pdf-lib JavaScript library to combine PDF files. The library loads each PDF file, extracts all pages using copyPages(), and adds them sequentially to a new PDF document. All processing happens client-side in your browser using the Web API, ensuring complete privacy. For more technical details, see the pdf-lib documentation.

Best Practices for PDF Merging

To get the best results when merging PDF files, follow these professional best practices:

Plan Your Document Order

Before merging, think about the logical order of your documents. Arrange files in the order that makes the most sense for your use case. Consider chronological order for time-based documents, alphabetical order for reference materials, or importance-based order for presentations. The ability to reorder files before merging ensures your final document follows the exact sequence you need.

Check File Compatibility

Ensure all PDF files are not corrupted or password-protected before merging. Standard PDF files merge seamlessly, while encrypted PDFs may require password entry first. Test each file individually to verify it opens correctly. Corrupted files may cause merging to fail or produce incomplete results. If you encounter issues with a specific file, try opening it in a PDF viewer first to verify its integrity.

Review Before Merging

Use the file list to verify you have all the files you need and that they're in the correct order. You can remove files or reorder them before merging. Double-check file names to ensure you're merging the correct documents. This review step prevents mistakes and ensures your merged PDF contains exactly what you intended.

Consider File Sizes and Performance

Very large PDFs or many files may take longer to merge. For optimal performance, consider merging files in batches if you have many large documents. Files under 10MB each typically merge quickly, while larger files may require more processing time. The tool processes all files in your browser's memory, so very large batches may require more available RAM. If you experience performance issues, try merging in smaller groups.

Keep Original Files as Backups

The merged PDF is a new file. Keep your original PDF files as backups in case you need to make changes or re-merge in a different order. This is especially important for important documents where you may need to recreate the merged file with different arrangements or add additional files later. Original files also serve as a reference to verify the merged document's completeness and accuracy.

Verify Merged Document Quality

After merging, quickly review the merged PDF to ensure all pages are present, in the correct order, and maintain their original quality. Check that images, graphics, and formatting appear correctly. Verify that page numbers, headers, and footers are intact if they were present in the original files. This quality check ensures your merged document meets your requirements before sharing or archiving.

PDF Merger vs. Other Solutions

Understanding how our PDF merger compares to other solutions helps you make informed decisions about document management:

FeatureFixTools PDF MergerDesktop SoftwareCloud Services
Privacy✓ 100% Client-Side✓ Local Processing✗ Files Uploaded
Cost✓ Free✗ Paid Software⚠️ Free/Paid Tiers
Installation✓ No Installation✗ Requires Install✓ Browser-Based
File Size LimitsBrowser memory⚠️ Varies✗ Size Limits
Speed✓ Instant✓ Fast⚠️ Upload Time
Cross-Platform✓ Any Device✗ OS Specific✓ Any Device

Why Choose Our PDF Merger?

Our client-side PDF merger offers the best combination of privacy, speed, and convenience. Unlike cloud services that upload your files to servers, our tool processes everything locally in your browser. Unlike desktop software that requires installation and may be platform-specific, our tool works on any device with a modern browser. This makes it ideal for users who prioritize privacy, need quick access without installation, or work across multiple devices and operating systems.

Common Use Cases for PDF Merging

PDF merging serves a wide variety of professional and personal needs. Understanding these use cases can help you determine when merging is the right solution:

📊Business Reports

Combine multiple report sections, appendices, and supporting documents into a single comprehensive report. This is essential for creating complete business reports, financial statements, and project documentation.

Merged reports are easier to share with stakeholders, present in meetings, and archive for future reference. All related content is accessible in one organized document.

📧Email Attachments

Instead of sending multiple PDF attachments, merge them into one file. This reduces email clutter, ensures all related documents are received together, and makes it easier for recipients to access all content.

Merged PDFs are particularly useful for sending complete document packages, proposals, or responses that require multiple supporting documents.

📚Document Packages

Create complete document packages by combining contracts, agreements, terms, and supporting materials. This is valuable for legal documents, proposals, applications, and submissions that require multiple related files.

Merged packages ensure all required documents are included and organized in the correct order, making it easier for recipients to review complete information.

📖E-books and Manuals

Combine multiple chapters or sections into a single e-book or manual. This is useful for creating complete guides, tutorials, or documentation from separate PDF files.

Merged e-books provide a better reading experience with all content in one file, making it easier to navigate and share complete documentation.

📋Invoice and Receipt Organization

Combine multiple invoices, receipts, or financial documents into a single PDF for easier record-keeping and submission. This is valuable for expense reports, tax documentation, and financial audits.

Merged financial documents are easier to submit, archive, and reference. All related documents are organized chronologically or by category in one file.

🎓Academic Submissions

Combine research papers, appendices, references, and supporting materials into a single submission. This is essential for academic submissions, grant applications, and research documentation.

Merged academic documents ensure all required materials are included in the correct order, meeting submission requirements and making it easier for reviewers to access all content.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I merge multiple PDF files?

Upload two or more PDF files using the upload button or drag and drop them into the designated area. Arrange the files in your desired order using the up/down arrows. Click Merge PDFs to combine all files into a single PDF document. Once merging is complete, download your merged PDF file.

Is PDF merging free?

The browser merger is available without a processing pass. It combines files locally in your browser, so the PDF contents are not uploaded to FixTools for this task.

How many PDF files can I merge at once?

There is no fixed app-level file count, but the practical limit depends on your device memory and the size of each PDF. For reliable performance, start with 20 files or fewer.

Can I reorder PDF files before merging?

Yes! You can reorder PDF files before merging by using the up and down arrow buttons next to each file. This allows you to arrange the pages in your desired order. The merged PDF will contain all pages in the order you specify.

Is my PDF data secure when merging?

Absolutely. All PDF merging happens entirely in your browser using client-side JavaScript. Your PDF files never leave your device, aren't sent to any server, and aren't stored anywhere. This ensures complete privacy and security for sensitive documents, business files, and personal information.

What file sizes can I merge?

There is no server upload limit because this merger runs locally. Browser memory is the practical limit, so files under 10MB each are a useful starting point on typical devices.

Can I merge password-protected PDFs?

Currently, our tool supports standard PDF files. Password-protected or encrypted PDFs require the password to be entered first before merging. We're working on adding enhanced support for password-protected PDFs in a future update.

Will the merged PDF maintain the original quality?

Yes, the merged PDF maintains the original quality of all source files. No compression or quality loss occurs during the merging process. All text, images, graphics, and formatting from the original PDFs are preserved in the merged document.

What happens if one PDF file fails to merge?

If one PDF file fails to merge due to corruption or compatibility issues, the tool will continue processing the remaining files. The successfully merged files will be combined into the final PDF, and you'll be notified if any files couldn't be processed. This ensures you don't lose progress if one file has issues.

Can I merge PDFs with different page sizes?

Yes, you can merge PDFs with different page sizes. Each page maintains its original dimensions in the merged document. For example, if you merge a letter-sized PDF with an A4 PDF, each page will retain its original size. This is useful when combining documents from different sources or regions.

PDF Merging Guides

Step-by-step guides for specific merging scenarios:

All PDF Merger guides (30 total)

Embed this tool

Paste one iframe and the FixTools SDK automatically keeps its height in sync.

⚡

Zero watermarks, guaranteed

🔒

100% free, no sign-up

✨

Files stay in your browser

⚡

Unlimited merges

Cost
Free tier
Sign-up
Not required
Processing
Tool-specific
Privacy
Clearly disclosed
IframeResponsiveAttribution included

Add this PDF Merger to your website

Drop the PDF Merger into a blog post, product docs, intranet, or school portal with one iframe. Processing, privacy, and usage limits are the same as on the full tool page.

  • One copy-ready line of HTML
  • Responsive — adapts to any container width
  • No API credentials are placed in the snippet

Embed code

<iframe
  src="https://www.fixtools.io/pdf/pdf-merger?embed=1"
  width="100%"
  height="780"
  frameborder="0"
  style="border:0;border-radius:16px;max-width:900px;"
  title="PDF Merger by FixTools"
  loading="lazy"
  allow="clipboard-write"
></iframe>

Attribution-friendly: a small "Powered by FixTools" link appears in the embed footer.

Why watermarks appear on merged PDFs and how to avoid them

Watermarks appear on merged PDFs for one primary reason: the tool processes your files on its own servers and injects a text or image overlay into the output before returning it to you. This is a deliberate freemium tactic. Older versions of Smallpdf, various desktop trial editions, and a long tail of mobile PDF apps all stamp every page of free-tier output with phrases like Merged by Tool Name, Upgrade to remove, or a transparent logo across the centre of each page. The watermark is not a side effect of the merging operation itself, it is added on purpose by the server before the file is sent back. Because the stamp is embedded at the PDF rendering layer rather than as a separate annotation, you cannot simply delete it in Adobe Reader by selecting and pressing delete.

FixTools avoids this problem entirely because it never sends your files to a server in the first place. All merging is performed by pdf-lib running in your browser's JavaScript engine. The library reads the page content streams from your uploaded files and assembles them into a new PDF object in browser memory. At no point does any FixTools server receive your file data, which means there is no server-side step where a watermark could be inserted. The output PDF contains only the pages from your source files, with their original content streams unmodified except for the structural metadata needed to combine them into a single document. You can verify this yourself by opening the downloaded file, scrolling to the last page, and checking every corner for branding.

Watermarks matter most when the output document is legally or professionally significant. A commercial contract with a third-party watermark stamped across each page is unprofessional and may raise questions about document authenticity, especially in jurisdictions where the courts are sceptical of altered or annotated PDFs. A financial report delivered to a client with visible trial-software branding undermines the credibility of the analysis it contains. A grant application stamped with a free-tool logo can be rejected outright by funders who interpret the mark as evidence of unprofessional preparation. For everyday personal use, watermarks are merely annoying. For business documents, they can be genuinely damaging.

Removing a watermark after the fact is far harder than avoiding it in the first place. If the stamp is added as an overlay annotation it might be deletable in a paid editor like Adobe Acrobat Pro or PDF-XChange. If the stamp is flattened into the page content stream, which is what most free tools do specifically to make removal difficult, the only way to clean the page is to rasterise it, manually paint over the watermark in image-editing software, and re-embed the result, which destroys text searchability. Starting with a clean merge is the only practical workflow for any document that matters, and that is exactly what a client-side tool like FixTools provides at no cost.

How to use this tool

💡

Upload your PDFs and merge them. The output file contains no FixTools branding, watermark, or added text of any kind.

How It Works

Step-by-step guide to merge pdf files without watermark:

  1. 1

    Upload your PDF files

    Click Open PDF Merger and select the PDFs you want to combine. You can upload them all at once from a single folder or add them one at a time as you gather them from different locations. Files load directly into your browser tab and never travel to a third-party server, which means there is no opportunity for a watermark to be injected during upload.

  2. 2

    Order your files

    Drag the file cards into the order you want them to appear in the merged document. The card at the top of the list becomes the first section of the output, and the card at the bottom becomes the last section. Confirm the order visually before merging because a fresh merge takes seconds while re-merging after a mistake costs more time than checking the cards once.

  3. 3

    Merge, no watermark added

    Click Merge PDF. FixTools processes everything in your browser using pdf-lib and produces a clean merged file with zero added watermarks, banners, or branding of any kind. The output is byte-equivalent in content to what a paid merger like Adobe Acrobat would produce, with no third-party producer string injected into the document metadata.

  4. 4

    Download your merged PDF

    Download the merged file to your device. Open it immediately in your preferred PDF viewer and scroll through every page, paying particular attention to corners, centres, and the very last page where free tools most commonly hide their branding. The file should contain nothing except the pages you uploaded, in the order you arranged.

Real-world examples

Common situations where this approach makes a real difference:

Consultant delivering a client report

A management consultant merges a 40-page strategy report with a 12-page financial appendix and a 6-page executive summary for a Fortune 500 client. Using a watermarked free tool would place visible third-party branding on every page of the deliverable, which would undermine the professionalism the consultant is being paid a high day rate to provide. FixTools produces a clean 58-page PDF the consultant can deliver under their own firm's cover without paying for a premium PDF subscription or apologising for branded pages.

Solicitor combining NDA and signature page

A commercial solicitor needs to combine a signed mutual NDA with its exhibit schedule and a side letter before sending the complete bundle to counterparty counsel. Any watermark on a legal document creates questions about document integrity and chain of custody, and counterparties may refuse to accept a marked document as the authoritative version. Processing in-browser with FixTools produces a watermark-free PDF that maintains the document's professional and legal presentation and removes any risk of bounced-back queries.

Designer presenting portfolio to agency

A graphic designer merges six separate project case-study PDFs into one portfolio for an agency interview. Each project document is 3 to 5 pages and the combined file is 14MB. A watermarked result would visually compromise every portfolio page, distracting interviewers from the work itself. FixTools produces a clean 30-page portfolio PDF the designer can share by email or hosted link, with no third-party logo competing for attention against the designer's own work samples.

Non-profit assembling grant application

A non-profit programmes coordinator combines a project proposal, detailed budget, two letters of support, and an organisational governance document for a competitive grant submission. The funder portal requires a single PDF and explicitly notes that documents bearing trial-software watermarks will be returned unread. FixTools outputs a clean, professional document at no cost, which is essential because the charity's software budget is zero and any spending on premium tools would have to come out of programme funds.

Pro tips

Get better results with these expert suggestions:

1

Verify the output immediately after downloading

Open the merged PDF and scroll to the last page first because that is where most free tools hide their branding. Then check page corners and page centres on the first and middle pages, where overlay watermarks are most commonly placed. A clean tool produces output with nothing added. If you see any text overlay or semi-transparent logo, the tool is injecting content server-side and you should switch to a client-side alternative before sending the document anywhere.

2

Check the PDF properties for hidden metadata

Some tools inject watermark equivalents as invisible metadata rather than visible text, which can still flag the document as machine-processed to downstream readers. In Adobe Reader open File then Properties then Description to see the Producer and Creator fields. FixTools sets these to reflect pdf-lib, which is a neutral open-source library, rather than a marketing string from a watermark service. A clean producer field is a useful signal for any reviewer who inspects document metadata.

3

Avoid tools that require registration before showing output

Tools that make you create an account before letting you download your merged file nearly always use watermarks, page limits, or daily caps to monetise free users. The registration step exists to identify you for future upsell, and the watermark exists to push you toward the upgrade. FixTools never asks for an account, which means there is no gating mechanism that could restrict your output quality or pressure you into a subscription you do not need.

4

For professionally sensitive documents, use incognito mode

Run FixTools in a private or incognito browser window when merging confidential documents such as contracts, medical records, or financial statements. This prevents the browser history from logging your session, clears all cached file data automatically when you close the window, and ensures no third-party browser extension you installed for unrelated reasons can inspect the content of the page during the merge. The merge itself is identical, but the surrounding browser context is cleaner.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

No. FixTools never adds watermarks, logos, banners, or any other branding to your merged PDF. The output file contains only the pages from your uploaded source files, exactly as they appeared in the originals, combined in the order you arranged. This applies to every merge regardless of file count, file size, or how often you use the tool. There is no trial period after which watermarks begin to appear, and there is no premium tier that removes a watermark that would otherwise be present. Free users and paid users see the same output because there is only one tier and it is free.
Many PDF tools process files on their own servers and inject watermarks before returning the result to you. This is a deliberate freemium tactic designed to pressure free users into paid plans by making the free-tier output unsuitable for professional use. The watermark is added as a flattened overlay on the page content so it cannot be removed without specialist editing software, which guarantees that anyone who needs a clean file has to pay. FixTools processes everything in your browser, so there is no server step where a watermark could be added, which is why every output is automatically clean.
No. You can merge as many PDFs as you need with no usage limits, no daily caps, and no monthly quotas. There is no point at which the tool stops working or starts adding restrictions. The practical limit is your browser's available memory, which on a modern desktop machine supports dozens of files totalling several hundred megabytes per session. On mobile devices the per-session limit is lower because of memory constraints, but there is still no artificial cap imposed by the tool itself.
Open the downloaded PDF in any PDF viewer and scroll through all pages, paying special attention to the four corners and the centre of each page, plus the very first page and the very last page where branding is most commonly placed. Also open the document properties dialog in your viewer and check the Producer and Creator metadata fields, which should reference pdf-lib rather than a commercial watermark service. FixTools does not inject invisible watermarks either, so a clean visual check combined with a clean metadata check confirms the file is unmodified beyond the merge operation itself.
No. You can merge PDFs immediately with no account, no email address, no credit card, and no sign-up flow of any kind. The tool is fully functional the moment you open the page in your browser. There is no free trial that converts to a paid plan, no premium tier with extra features locked behind a login, and no anonymous-user limitation that gets lifted when you register. Sign-up does not exist on FixTools because it would not provide any extra capability worth the friction it would add.
Removing an injected watermark from an existing PDF is difficult. If the watermark was added as a separate overlay annotation, a paid editor like Adobe Acrobat Pro or PDF-XChange Editor can remove it from each page, which is tedious but workable. If the watermark was flattened into the page content stream, which is what most free tools do specifically to prevent removal, the only path is to rasterise each page, paint over the mark in image software, and re-embed the result, which destroys text searchability. The right answer is to re-merge from the original source files using a clean tool like FixTools.
No. There is no threshold at which FixTools begins adding watermarks. Two files, twenty files, or fifty files all produce equally clean watermark-free output. Some competitors apply watermarks only above a free-tier file-count or size limit, which catches users who tested the tool with a small file and assumed the free tier was unrestricted. FixTools has no such bait-and-switch, because the business model is advertising on the page itself rather than degradation of the file the user downloads.
No. The merged PDF has no page limit, no embedded size restriction, no expiry date, no DRM, and no FixTools branding of any kind. What you download is a standard PDF 1.7 file compatible with every modern PDF reader, suitable for printing, sharing, archiving, uploading to any portal, or further processing in another tool. The output is genuinely indistinguishable from what a paid desktop merger would produce, which is the entire point of running the merge in the browser using a neutral open-source library.
FixTools uses pdf-lib, an open-source JavaScript library widely adopted for browser-based PDF operations. It runs entirely in the browser without requiring a server backend, which is why your files never leave your device. The library is well-maintained, has been audited by the open-source community, and produces standards-compliant PDF output that opens correctly in every modern PDF reader including Adobe Reader, Preview on Mac, Chrome's built-in viewer, and mobile PDF apps. You can read the library's source code on its public repository if you want to verify exactly what happens to your files.
Yes. The merger copies page content streams without modification, which means fonts render the same way, images appear at their original resolution, vector graphics scale identically, and any embedded interactive elements like form fields or annotations transfer correctly into the merged output. The only differences are structural, such as a new cross-reference table and an updated page tree, which are invisible to readers. If a page looked a certain way in your source file, it will look exactly that way in the merged output without any visual change.

Related guides

More use-case guides for the same tool:

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